Enzyme Technologies for Pharmaceutical and Biotechnological Applications

624 pages, Illustrated  ISBN 0824705491      £115.00

This book presents a comprehensive review of enzyme function in human and animal health-covering basic principles and applications in antibiotic biosynthesis, biocatalysis, screening and assay optimization, as well as new and emerging technologies in the biotechnological and pharmaceutical industries. It provides examples of current laboratory, pharmaceutical, and manufacturing processes - including large-scale applications of current enzyme manipulations. It will be of interest to enzymologists; organic, pharmaceutical, and medicinal chemists and biochemists; molecular and cell biologists; genetic, biochemical, and chemical engineers, as well as microbiologists and advanced undergraduate and graduate students.

Contents

Part 1 Biosynthesis:
delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine synthetase as a model tripeptide synthetase;
metabolic engineering for cephalosporin C yield improvement and production of intermediates;
bioconversion of penicillis to cephalosporins;
direct fermentative production of acyltylosins by genetically engineered strains of streptomyces fradiae;
engineering streptomyces avermitilis for the production of novel avermectins - mutant design and Titer improvement.

Part 2 Biocatalysis:
biocatalytic syntheses of chiral intermediates for antihypertensive drugs;
cloning, structure and activity of ketone reductases for baker's yeast;
cross-linked enzyme crystals -biocatalysts for the organic chemist;
enzymatic deacylation of chinocandins and related antifungal agents.

Part 3 Screening/optimization:
roles of enzymes in antibacterial drug discovery;
penicillin-binding proteins as antimicrobial targets -expression, purification and assay technologies;
development of a high-throughput screen for streptococcus pneumoniae UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-alanine - D-glutamase ligase (MurD) for the identification of MurD inhibitors;
purification and assay development for human rhinovirus proteases;
screening for parasiticides using recombinant microorganisms;
screening for inhibitors of lipid metabolism;
design and development of a selective assay system for the phospholipase A2 superfamily.

Part 4 Emerging technologies:
understanding and exploiting bacterial polyketide synthases;
polyketide synthases - analysis and use in synthesis;
enzymatic synthesis of fungal N-methylated cyclopeptides and depsipeptides;
new strategies for target identification, validation and use of enzymes in high-throughput screening;
use of genomics for enzyme-based drug discovery; assigning precise function to genes;
redesigning binding and catalytic specificities of enzymes;
proteomics - chromatographic fractionation prior to two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for enrichment of low-abundance proteins to facilitate identification by mass spectrometric methods.